https://extension.psu.edu/
Welcome..Beekeeping 101
To access the course content, go to the "Course" page.
This course is designed for those new to beekeeping, or for those with some experience who want to dig deeper into the science and practices of beekeeping honeybees. With successful completion of the final quiz, you will earn a certificate of completion.
Learning Outcomes
As you complete this course, you will:
- Learn about the science of honeybees.
- Be exposed to the practices of experienced beekeepers.
- Understand more about bee biology and behavior.
- Know how to use typical beekeeping clothing and equipment.
- Be able to manage a hive throughout the year.
- Be able to identify and treat common bee pests and diseases.
- Know about various bee products you and your bees can make.
- Have a working knowledge of pollination and the role bees play in it.
Getting started
Go to the "Introduction" page to meet your instructors.
Reminder: You have access to this course and the materials in it until the expiration date indicated on the Online Courses page of your Account Dashboard. During this time, you can return to review information and download handouts.
Meet Your Instructors (Runtime 1:27) Video
Transcript:
"Hi there! Welcome
to Penn State Extension's online
beekeeping 101.
I'm Tom Butzler,
extension educator,
and I've been keeping bees
for over ten years
and have conducted numerous
field days and workshops
about beekeeping.
And I'm Maryann Frazier,
extension specialist
with Penn State's department
of entomology and the center
for pollinator research.
I've been fortunate to work
with honeybees
as an apiary inspector,
educator, researcher
and with beekeepers
in other parts of the world.
We've created this course
for people interested
in getting started
with beekeeping and for people
who have been keeping bees
for a while and want
to learn more about some
of the science of honeybees
and practices
of experienced beekeepers.
Beekeeping is especially
important now
as growing dangers threaten
honeybees all over the world.
We'll talk about many
of these dangers in this course.
We can always use more backyard
beekeepers and citizen
scientists to help keep
honeybees thriving
and pollinating
and to collect valuable data
for large studies
on bee behavior and health.
As a result,
we are not here just
to welcome you to this course,
but to thank you
for your interest
in this important subject.
Through the course
of beekeeping 101 you will learn
about bee biology, bee behavior,
hive management throughout the
year, bee diseases and pests,
swarming behavior,
equipment beekeepers use,
bee produced products
like beeswax and honey
of course, and much more.
Thanks for joining us.
We hope you are looking forward
to becoming well equipped
to manage your own colonies.
See you inside!"
How to Take This Course (Runtime 2:28) ..
1.1 Overview
Honey Bee Biology (Runtime 0:19)
Transcript:
"Welcome to Module One.
In this module,
we're going to start
with some biology
to help understand how bees fit
into the world, then we'll dive
into the hive
to see the three different roles
that bees fill in there,
and how the bees
that fill those roles differ
from one another.
Let's get started."
To access the course content, go to the "Course" page.
This course is designed for those new to beekeeping, or for those with some experience who want to dig deeper into the science and practices of beekeeping honeybees. With successful completion of the final quiz, you will earn a certificate of completion.
Learning Outcomes
As you complete this course, you will:
- Learn about the science of honeybees.
- Be exposed to the practices of experienced beekeepers.
- Understand more about bee biology and behavior.
- Know how to use typical beekeeping clothing and equipment.
- Be able to manage a hive throughout the year.
- Be able to identify and treat common bee pests and diseases.
- Know about various bee products you and your bees can make.
- Have a working knowledge of pollination and the role bees play in it.
Getting started
Go to the "Introduction" page to meet your instructors.
Reminder: You have access to this course and the materials in it until the expiration date indicated on the Online Courses page of your Account Dashboard. During this time, you can return to review information and download handouts.
Meet Your Instructors (Runtime 1:27) Video
Transcript:
"Hi there! Welcome
to Penn State Extension's online
beekeeping 101.
I'm Tom Butzler,
extension educator,
and I've been keeping bees
for over ten years
and have conducted numerous
field days and workshops
about beekeeping.
And I'm Maryann Frazier,
extension specialist
with Penn State's department
of entomology and the center
for pollinator research.
I've been fortunate to work
with honeybees
as an apiary inspector,
educator, researcher
and with beekeepers
in other parts of the world.
We've created this course
for people interested
in getting started
with beekeeping and for people
who have been keeping bees
for a while and want
to learn more about some
of the science of honeybees
and practices
of experienced beekeepers.
Beekeeping is especially
important now
as growing dangers threaten
honeybees all over the world.
We'll talk about many
of these dangers in this course.
We can always use more backyard
beekeepers and citizen
scientists to help keep
honeybees thriving
and pollinating
and to collect valuable data
for large studies
on bee behavior and health.
As a result,
we are not here just
to welcome you to this course,
but to thank you
for your interest
in this important subject.
Through the course
of beekeeping 101 you will learn
about bee biology, bee behavior,
hive management throughout the
year, bee diseases and pests,
swarming behavior,
equipment beekeepers use,
bee produced products
like beeswax and honey
of course, and much more.
Thanks for joining us.
We hope you are looking forward
to becoming well equipped
to manage your own colonies.
See you inside!"
How to Take This Course (Runtime 2:28) ..
1.1 Overview
Honey Bee Biology (Runtime 0:19)
Transcript:
"Welcome to Module One.
In this module,
we're going to start
with some biology
to help understand how bees fit
into the world, then we'll dive
into the hive
to see the three different roles
that bees fill in there,
and how the bees
that fill those roles differ
from one another.
Let's get started."
1.2 Taxonomy & Life Cycle
Honey Bee Taxonomy
What are honey bees, and how do they fit into the world?
Honey bees are a type of insect, a class of living creature that has three body parts, six legs, two ANTENNAE, and an EXOSKELETON made primarily of CHITIN.
Insects make up the largest class of living things on Earth, with over a million described species and many more species YET TO BE DESCRIBED. Insects can be found all over the globe, from BLAZING deserts to antarctic ICE SHELVES.
Honey bees are a type of insect, a class of living creature that has three body parts, six legs, two ANTENNAE, and an EXOSKELETON made primarily of CHITIN.
Insects make up the largest class of living things on Earth, with over a million described species and many more species YET TO BE DESCRIBED. Insects can be found all over the globe, from BLAZING deserts to antarctic ICE SHELVES.
Do insects live in the ocean?
No species of insects live in the oceans. That environmental NICHE is filled by a different group of related ARTHROPODS CALLED CRUSTACEANS.
No species of insects live in the oceans. That environmental NICHE is filled by a different group of related ARTHROPODS CALLED CRUSTACEANS.
Honey Bees Are "Eusocial"
Honey bees are social insects. The most highly evolved social insects are called "EUSOCIAL," meaning they live in groups and divide labor among members that specialize in certain tasks. Honey bees, ants and wasps are all eusocial.
Honey bees engage in complex communal behavior, including caring for their young, nest construction, common defense, and food foraging. In fact, bees are so reliant on one another that no individual bee can live for long on its own.
Honey bees are social insects. The most highly evolved social insects are called "EUSOCIAL," meaning they live in groups and divide labor among members that specialize in certain tasks. Honey bees, ants and wasps are all eusocial.
Honey bees engage in complex communal behavior, including caring for their young, nest construction, common defense, and food foraging. In fact, bees are so reliant on one another that no individual bee can live for long on its own.
Bees are so RELIANT on one another that no individual bee can live for long on its own.
Biological Classification of Bees
It is useful to have an understanding of how scientists group honey bees into their taxonomic classifications. Here is how honey bees are classified:
It is useful to have an understanding of how scientists group honey bees into their taxonomic classifications. Here is how honey bees are classified:
DOMAIN = Eukarya
EUKARYA encompasses all living things with Eukaryotic cells, which includes plants and animals.
EUKARYA encompasses all living things with Eukaryotic cells, which includes plants and animals.
KINGDOM = Animalia/METAZOA
This includes REPTILES, birds, slugs, mammals, fish, and humans.
This includes REPTILES, birds, slugs, mammals,
PHYLUM = ARTHROPODA
Arthropoda are INVERTEBRATES with EXOSKELETON, segmented body, and JOINTED LEGS. Examples include insects, CRABS, scorpions, and LOBSTERS.
Arthropoda
Class = Insecta
More than one million described species are in this class. Insects have a three-part body, CHITINOUS exoskeleton, six legs, COMPOUND EYES, and two antennae. Examples include mosquitoes, BEETLES, ants, bees, MOTHS, CRICKETS, WEEVILS, GRASSHOPPERS, WALKING STICKS, and water striders.
More than one million described species are in this class. Insects have a three-part body, CHITINOUS exoskeleton, six legs, COMPOUND EYES, and two antennae. Examples include mosquitoes, BEETLES, ants, bees, MOTHS, CRICKETS, WEEVILS, GRASSHOPPERS, WALKING STICKS, and water striders.
ORDER = HYMENOPTERA
This order includes SAWFLIES, wasps, bees, and ants.
This order includes SAWFLIES, wasps, bees, and ants.
Family = APIDAE
The apidae family consists of all bees, including BUMBLE BEES, honey bees, SOLITARY BEES, STINGLESS BEES, CARPENTER BEES, and ORCHID BEES.
The
GENUS = Apis mellifera
Apis mellifera includes European and Western honey bees.
Apis mellifera includes European and Western honey bees.
Life Cycle
The honey bee's life cycle can be broken down into eight stages:
- An egg is laid.
- The egg hatches.
- The larva is fed.
- The cell is sealed.
- The LARVA SPINS A COCOON.
- The larva transforms.
- The adult bee emerges.
- The new bee assumes its role.
Watch the following video for an overview, then continue on to the next page for A MORE IN-DEPTH LOOK at each stage.
The honey bee's life cycle can be broken down into eight stages:
- An egg is laid.
- The egg hatches.
- The larva is fed.
- The cell is sealed.
- The LARVA SPINS A COCOON.
- The larva transforms.
- The adult bee emerges.
- The new bee assumes its role.
Watch the following video for an overview, then continue on to the next page for A MORE IN-DEPTH LOOK at each stage.
Life Cycle of a Honey Bee (Runtime 0:55)
with the lifecycle
of a butterfly, which starts
as an egg, grows
into a caterpillar that CRAWLS
AROUND eating a lot,
then wraps itself in a cocoon
and transforms into a butterfly.
Well, honeybees go
through all these stages too,
but we don't really see any
of them because they all happen
inside the hive.
The queen lays eggs
in the COMB CELLS that hatch
into larvae.
The larvae stay in the cell
and are fed by nurse bees,
and once a larva is ready
for its transformation,
the workers "CAP" THE CELL,
or put a lid on it,
and the larva transforms,
through an amazing process,
into an adult bee.
When the transformation is
complete, THE BEE CHEWS ITS WAY
OUT OF THE CELL and emerges
as a fully-formed adult bee,
although sometimes they come
out a little early
and aren't quite the right
color yet.
It's really fascinating.
The different type of bees,
worker, DRONE and the queen,
all have their customized way
of doing this,
but the process is essentially
the same."
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